Access Control in Architectural Design: Bridging the Gap Between Hardware and Security
Electronic access control has become a key component of modern commercial building design, playing a fundamental role in ensuring safety, security and convenience for building owners and occupants. Whether standalone keypads, card readers or fully integrated systems, electronic access control has become a standard feature in virtually every new facility. As technology advances and these systems become more affordable, architects are increasingly expected to incorporate access control systems into their designs.
That said, electronic access control often gets treated as an afterthought, leading to challenges that can compromise both the functionality and aesthetics of a project. Architects may find themselves grappling with unsightly bollard-mounted card readers, surface-mounted wiring or costly change orders due to late-stage modifications. These issues not only detract from the overall design but also add unnecessary complexity and expense to the construction process.
By integrating access control systems into their designs early and effectively, architects can avoid these pitfalls and deliver seamless solutions that align with both the security needs and aesthetic goals of their projects. Understanding the fundamentals of access control, collaborating early on with certified hardware consultants and planning with the right stakeholders are essential steps toward achieving this integration and the creation of secure and visually appealing spaces.
Choosing Access Control: Electronic vs. Mechanical; Standalone vs. Integrated
When compared to mechanical systems, electronic access control offers several distinct advantages. Mechanical systems, including locks and traditional keys, are simple and cost-effective but lack flexibility and security features. Lost keys can compromise security, requiring expensive rekeying or lock replacement, while mechanical systems cannot provide real-time access tracking or remote management. In contrast, electronic systems allow building managers to achieve this in real time, while also reducing security risks. Additionally, electronic solutions enable faster responses in emergencies, such as instant lockdowns, which are far more efficient than manually securing mechanical locks. While mechanical systems may still be suitable for lower-security applications, electronic access control is better equipped to meet the demands of modern, dynamic facilities.
Electronic access control systems are designed to meet a variety of security needs, ranging from simple standalone solutions to complex, integrated systems. Standalone systems, which can include keypad locks and card readers, are self-contained devices that operate independently of a larger network. These systems are ideal for smaller applications or areas requiring basic access control, offering straightforward installation and functionality. For example, a keypad lock on a storage room or a card reader for a single office suite can provide effective security without the need for extensive infrastructure.
Integrated systems, on the other hand, are networked solutions that provide centralized control over multiple access points throughout a facility. These systems allow building managers to monitor and manage access in real time, offering advanced features such as remote access, audit trails and automated lockdown capabilities. Integrated systems are particularly valuable in larger facilities, such as office buildings, hospitals, and schools, where security needs are more complex and require coordination across multiple areas. By connecting access points to a central control system, integrated solutions offer scalability and adaptability, making them a preferred choice for many modern commercial projects.
Early Planning for Electronic Access Control
Planning for electronic access control early in the design process is essential to avoid costly and disruptive challenges later. When access control is treated as an afterthought, it often results in expensive change orders, delays or compromises to the overall architectural vision. For example, adding electronic access control late in construction may require additional breakers, raceways or conduit layout changes, all of which can significantly increase costs and extend timelines. Last-minute additions often lead to unsightly solutions, such as surface-mounted wiring or bollard-mounted card readers, which detract from the aesthetics of the building design.
By incorporating electronic access control during the initial design phase, architects can ensure seamless integration with the building’s layout and overall aesthetic goals. Early planning allows for concealed wiring, well-placed credential readers, and a cohesive look that enhances the design rather than detracting from it. In many cases, visible high-security solutions can make occupants feel more anxious—though there’s an argument for both sides that it can also act as a deterrent for crime. In either case, these systems can still complement the aesthetics of the building design.
Additionally, early involvement of stakeholders—such as hardware consultants, security consultants, and integrators—helps align security measures with the building owner’s needs, delivering improved functionality, more robust security and greater long-term value. Proactive planning not only reduces surprises and delays but also showcases the architect’s attention to detail and foresight in addressing security needs.
Six Questions to Ask When Designing Electronic Access Control
Effective planning for electronic access control begins with asking the right questions. These questions help architects understand the security needs of the facility, align with the client’s goals and ensure that the access control system is well-integrated aesthetically. By addressing these considerations early, architects can avoid costly changes later and deliver a solution that balances security, functionality and aesthetics.
What is the current available budget for the project? Understanding the budget allows you to align security needs with financial considerations upfront, but investing early in electronic access control can also prevent costly changes later, saving time and money. While CAPEX (capital expenditures) for access control systems involves initial investment, it pays off over the system’s lifecycle through benefits such as reduced liability, lower operational costs and decreased staffing needs, as well as long-term benefits, like enhanced security through detailed audit trails and encryption, increased convenience with remote management and contactless entry, scalability for future expansion and improved user experience with biometric options. They also support emergency override and real-time monitoring, providing comprehensive security that adapts to evolving needs.
What level of security is required for the facility? Determining the security level, whether low, medium or high, sets the foundation for the access control design. For example, a larger or high-security facility may require the more advanced features in integrated systems, while a small or lower-security building may only need basic standalone solutions.
What is the usage, and what are you protecting? The purpose of the building and the assets being secured influence the type of access control system. A school may prioritize student safety and emergency lockdown capabilities, while a corporate office may focus on restricting access to sensitive areas like server rooms.
How will this system scale? How many users and devices are currently required, and how do you expect them to grow? The number of users impacts the complexity of the system. Facilities with a large number of users may benefit from scalable solutions that allow for easy credential management, while smaller buildings may require simpler systems.
Is there an existing system in place? If the facility already has an access control system, architects should understand its capabilities and limitations. Compatibility with existing systems and integrators is essential for ensuring a smooth upgrade or expansion.
What are the preferred methods of electric locking? Electric locking options—such as electric locksets, strikes, or magnetic locks—should be selected based on the facility’s security requirements and the architectural design. Each option has unique advantages depending on the application.
Bridging the Gap Between Hardware and Physical Security Design with Certified Hardware Consultants
Electronic access control plays a vital role in door specifications, impacting fire and life safety building codes as well as the mechanical considerations of door openings. By working closely with experts, architects can ensure that these systems enhance both the security and aesthetic appeal of the building.
Involving a certified hardware consultant early offers significant benefits. Their deep industry knowledge, understanding of construction processes and familiarity with specifications and contracts help ensure accuracy and effective communication. Their expertise can help reduce errors and professional liability, as they are well-versed in contractual obligations tied to construction documents.
Becoming certified alone is no easy feat. There are dozens of certifications, and each requires their own minimum standards of hundreds of hours of training, knowledge exams and prerequisites. Certification is a marker of credibility and commitment to the industry, demonstrating that the consultant has undergone rigorous training and testing to hone their skills and prove their proficiency.
How Allegion Can Help Support Architects
Electronic access control is no longer just a technical consideration; it’s an essential element of modern architectural design, requiring early coordination between Division 8 and Division 28 spec writers. Allegion is able to bridge this gap by working directly with Division 28 spec writers, providing them access to Overtur and supporting side-by-side specification and plan reviews. This collaborative approach ensures seamless integration of doors, hardware and security systems, helping eliminate costly delays and design compromises.
With decades of experience, Allegion’s certified hardware and access control consultants support the entire project team, from architects, Division 8 and Division 28 spec writers to security consultants, through every phase. Our team helps navigate complex specifications, align hardware and electronic security requirements, and ensure compliance with codes and owner goals. From early-stage planning to detailed project execution, Allegion’s expertise helps ensure that access control systems are functional, aesthetically pleasing and tailored to the unique needs of each facility.
Contact an Allegion Architectural Consulting Expert
Architects looking to incorporate electronic access control into their designs are encouraged to reach out to Allegion for expert guidance and support. Learn more about the services offered by Allegion spec writers or contact an Allegion Architectural Services consultant using this form.
